Private Pilot License Exam Australia (PPL)

Author: Romaan, Last Updated: Jan. 5, 2025, 7:06 a.m.
Tags: Aviation 

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Aspiring to be a Private Pilot and are you in Australia ? Well, one of the key requirement is that we clear the CASA PPL theory exam. In this article, I will collate the important concepts, while this is not a complete comprehensive guide, it may serve as a notes that help in summarizing key concepts required in preparation of exams.

Concepts

Density Altitude and Pressure Altitude

DA = PA + 120 ISA_d

PA = (1013.25 - QNH) * 30 + A

ISA_d = OAT - ISA

ISA = 15 - (2 * PA / 1000)

where:

DA = Density Altitude
PA = Pressure Altitude
A = Altitude 
ISA_d = International Standard Atmospheric Deviation
ISA = Internation Standard Atmosphere
OAT = Outside Air Temperature
QNH = Question Nil Height

Question Field Height

QFE = QNH - (Altitude / 30) 

where:

QFE = Question Field Elevation

QNH = Question Nil Height

Local Mean Time (LMT)

While calculating LMT, refer to either First day light or Last day light from VFR-G guide, based on the month and date and get the "Latitude".

Therefore,

LMT is determined from graph based on (1) Date and Month (2) Latitude

UTC = LMT - Arc to Time

while "Arc to Time" is determined from the table given in VFR-G guide, based on the "Longitude"

Banked Stall Speed 

Stall Speed_b = Stall Speed_l * SQRT(Load Factor)

Load Factor = 1 / cos ø

where:
Stall Speed_b = Stall Speed Banked
Stall Speed_l = Stall Speed Level

Point of No Return (PNR)

PNR_d = EFT * GS_r * GS_o / (GS_r +GS_o)

PNR_t = PNR_d / GS_o

EFT = Usable Fuel / Fuel Burn Rate

GS_r = TAS ± Wind Speed

GS_o = TAS ± Wind Speed

where:

PNR_d = Point of No Return distance
PNR_t = Point of No Return time
EFT = Endurance Fuel Time
GS_r = Ground Speed returing to departure point
GS_o = Ground Speed outbound from departure point

Equi-Time Point / Critical Point (ETP/CP)

ETP_d = Total Distance * GS_r / (GS_o + GS_r)

ETP_t = ETP_d / GS_o

where:

ETPd = Equi Time Point Distance
ETPt = Equi Time Point Time
GS_r = Ground Speed returning to departure point
GS_o = Ground Speed outbound from departure point

Tracking

TE = d * 60 / D₁

CA = d * 60 / D₂

TTI = CA + TE

Drift = HDG - TMG

where:

TE = Trace Error
CA = Closing Angle
TTI = Track To Intercept
TMG = Track Made Good
FPT = Flight Planned Track
HDG = Heading

E6B Calculator

Calculating HDG and TAS

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Loading System

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Meteorology 

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